There are several classification systems for cancer staging, and subvarieties depending upon the cancer type. Often, more than one system is used to get a full picture, as different systems have different strengths and weaknesses. For gynecological cancers, the most common system is the FIGO system, because it is accepted worldwide and promotes an international standard where professionals can speak with each other and be sure they can understand and compare each other's research.

These are the stages of the FIGO system, generally speaking. Each gynecological cancer, however, is different in the particulars.

Stage 0 - This stage isn't really cancer at all, but is "precancer". It is common in the cervical, vaginal, and vulvar cancer spectra, and is variously called carcinoma in situ, severe dysplasia, intraepithelial neoplasia 3, and various other terms.

Stage I - Cancer is confined to the organ where is originated.

Stage II - Cancer has invaded nearby tissues or organs.

Stage III - Cancer has spread to lymph nodes or other tissues, but remains in the pelvic region (or, in the case of ovarian and tubal cancers, the outsides of abdominal organs such as the intestines).

Stage IV - Cancer has metastasized to more distant locations, such as the lungs.